The Suffix 〜目: Order and Sequence Made Simple

When learning Japanese, you may notice a small but powerful suffix attached to numbers: .
This suffix is used to express order or sequence, similar to “first,” “second,” or “third” in English.

Let’s break it down step by step 👇


🔹 What Does ~ Mean?

The suffix is added to numbers to show position, order, or ranking.

Think of it as meaning:

  • “-th” (first, second, third…)
  • “number ___ in order”

🔹 Basic Structure

Number +

JapaneseReadingMeaning
一つ目ひとつめthe first one
二つ目ふたつめthe second one
三日目みっかめthe third day
四番目よんばんめthe fourth in order

📌 The reading of the number may change depending on the counter used.


🔹 Common Uses of ~

1️⃣ Order in a Sequence

Used when talking about the position of something.

  • This is my second visit to Japan.
    👉 日本にほんるのは二回目にかいめです。
  • She is sitting in the third seat.
    👉 彼女かのじょ三番目さんばんめせきです。

2️⃣ Days, Times, or Repetitions

Very common with time-related counters.

  • Today is the fifth day of the trip.
    👉 今日きょう旅行りょこう五日目いつかめです。
  • This is my first time eating sushi.
    👉 寿司すしべるのは一回目いっかいめです。

💡 Note: When talking about a first-time experience, はじめて is more natural in daily conversation.


  👉 寿司すしべるのは、はじめてです。


3️⃣ Ranking or Order Among People or Things

  • He finished first in the race.
    👉 かれ一番いちばんでした。

⚠️ 一番目いちばんめ is grammatically possible but uncommon here.
For rankings, 一番いちばん, 二番にばん is more natural.

  • This is the third question.
    👉 これは三問目さんもんめです。

🔹 ~ vs Counters Alone

Compare these:

  • 三日みっか→ three days or the third (of the month)
  • 三日目みっかめthe third day

👉 Adding shifts the meaning from quantity to order.


🔹 Easy Tip for Learners 💡

If you can say:

“Which number is it?”
or
“In what order?”

Then is probably the right choice!


🌟 Summary

  • shows order or sequence
  • It means “-th” or “number ___ in order”
  • Used with days, times, visits, rankings, seats, questions, and more
  • A small suffix that makes your Japanese sound much more natural!

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