The Suffix 〜目: Order and Sequence Made Simple
When learning Japanese, you may notice a small but powerful suffix attached to numbers: ~目.
This suffix is used to express order or sequence, similar to “first,” “second,” or “third” in English.
Let’s break it down step by step 👇
🔹 What Does ~目 Mean?
The suffix ~目 is added to numbers to show position, order, or ranking.
Think of it as meaning:
- “-th” (first, second, third…)
- “number ___ in order”
🔹 Basic Structure
Number + 目
| Japanese | Reading | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 一つ目 | ひとつめ | the first one |
| 二つ目 | ふたつめ | the second one |
| 三日目 | みっかめ | the third day |
| 四番目 | よんばんめ | the fourth in order |
📌 The reading of the number may change depending on the counter used.
🔹 Common Uses of ~目
1️⃣ Order in a Sequence
Used when talking about the position of something.
- This is my second visit to Japan.
👉 日本に来るのは二回目です。 - She is sitting in the third seat.
👉 彼女は三番目の席です。
2️⃣ Days, Times, or Repetitions
Very common with time-related counters.
- Today is the fifth day of the trip.
👉 今日は旅行の五日目です。 - This is my first time eating sushi.
👉 寿司を食べるのは一回目です。
💡 Note: When talking about a first-time experience, はじめて is more natural in daily conversation.
👉 寿司を食べるのは、はじめてです。
3️⃣ Ranking or Order Among People or Things
- He finished first in the race.
👉 彼は一番でした。
⚠️ 一番目 is grammatically possible but uncommon here.
For rankings, 一番, 二番… is more natural.
- This is the third question.
👉 これは三問目です。
🔹 ~目 vs Counters Alone
Compare these:
- 三日→ three days or the third (of the month)
- 三日目→ the third day
👉 Adding ~目 shifts the meaning from quantity to order.
🔹 Easy Tip for Learners 💡
If you can say:
“Which number is it?”
or
“In what order?”
Then ~目 is probably the right choice!
🌟 Summary
- ~目 shows order or sequence
- It means “-th” or “number ___ in order”
- Used with days, times, visits, rankings, seats, questions, and more
- A small suffix that makes your Japanese sound much more natural!
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