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いる vs ある in Japanese… which one to use?

If you’ve ever said something like「ほんはいます」(hon wa imasu), you’re not alone! This is a common mistake among Japanese learners. In Japanese, different verbs are used to say “there is” or “to exist” depending on whether the thing is living or non-living.

Let’s break down the difference between いる (iru) and ある (aru) so you can use them naturally and correctly!


いる = for Living Things

Use いる for people, animals, and other living things that move on their own.

Examples:

  • いぬいます
    There is a dog.
  • ともだちがいます
    I have a friend. / There is a friend.
  • どもがいますか?
    Do you have kids?

📝 Note: いる becomes います in polite form.


🪑 ある = for Non-living Things

Use ある for objects, places, and plants (yes, plants don’t move, so they count as non-living in this case).

Examples:

  • テーブルがります。
    There is a table.
  • かねあります
    I have money.
  • コンビニがえきまえあります
    There’s a convenience store in front of the station.

📝 Note: ある becomes あります in polite form.


まとめ(Summary)

VerbUse ForPolite Form
いるPeople, animalsいます
あるThings, places, plantsあります

Common Mistakes

ねこあります
ねこいます
(Cats are animals, so use いる!)

ほんいます
ほんあります
(Books are things, so use ある!)


📝 Example Sentences

Here are 5 more example sentences using both いる and ある:

  1. きょうしつに学生がくせいいます
    There are students in the classroom.
  2. つくえうえにノートがあります
    There is a notebook on the desk.
  3. 公園こうえんいぬいます
    There’s a dog in the park.
  4. 冷蔵庫れいぞうこなかにりんごがあります
    There’s an apple in the fridge.
  5. あそこにねこがいますよ!
    There’s a cat over there!

Try reading them out loud to get used to the natural flow! 🎧


🗣️ Practice Time

Try to guess which verb is correct: いる or ある?
(Answers below!)

  1. が__。
  2. 先生せんせいが__。
  3. パソコンが__。
  4. とりが__。
  5. 学校がっこうが__。

✅ Answers:

  1. ある(plants = non-living)
  2. いる(a person)
  3. ある(thing)
  4. いる(animal)
  5. ある(place)

🎯 Quick Tips

  • If it breathes or moves by itself, use いる.
  • If it’s an object or place, use ある.
  • When in doubt, ask: “Is this alive?” 😄

🧩 Bonus Phrase

  • だれかいますか?
    Is someone there?
  • なにもありません
    There’s nothing.

These are great phrases to recognize in everyday conversation!


Ready to practice more with いる and ある? Try writing 5 sentences using each and check if you used them correctly!

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