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いる vs ある in Japanese… which one to use?

If you’ve ever said something like「ほんはいます」(hon wa imasu), you’re not alone! This is a common mistake among Japanese learners. In Japanese, different verbs are used to say “there is” or “to exist” depending on whether the thing is living or non-living.

Let’s break down the difference between いる (iru) and ある (aru) so you can use them naturally and correctly!


いる = for Living Things

Use いる for people, animals, and other living things that move on their own.

Examples:

  • 犬いぬがいます。
    There is a dog.
  • 友ともだちがいます。
    I have a friend. / There is a friend.
  • 子こどもがいますか?
    Do you have kids?

📝 Note: いる becomes います in polite form.


🪑 ある = for Non-living Things

Use ある for objects, places, and plants (yes, plants don’t move, so they count as non-living in this case).

Examples:

  • テーブルがあります。
    There is a table.
  • お金かねがあります。
    I have money.
  • コンビニが駅えきの前まえにあります。
    There’s a convenience store in front of the station.

📝 Note: ある becomes あります in polite form.


まとめ(Summary)

VerbUse ForPolite Form
いるPeople, animalsいます
あるThings, places, plantsあります

Common Mistakes

❌ 猫ねこがあります。
✅ 猫ねこがいます。
(Cats are animals, so use いる!)

❌ 本ほんがいます。
✅ 本ほんがあります。
(Books are things, so use ある!)


📝 Example Sentences

Here are 5 more example sentences using both いる and ある:

  1. きょうしつに学生がくせいがいます。
    There are students in the classroom.
  2. 机つくえの上うえにノートがあります。
    There is a notebook on the desk.
  3. 公園こうえんに犬いぬがいます。
    There’s a dog in the park.
  4. 冷蔵庫れいぞうこの中なかにりんごがあります。
    There’s an apple in the fridge.
  5. あそこにねこがいますよ!
    There’s a cat over there!

Try reading them out loud to get used to the natural flow! 🎧


🗣️ Practice Time

Try to guess which verb is correct: いる or ある?
(Answers below!)

  1. 木きが__。
  2. 先生せんせいが__。
  3. パソコンが__。
  4. 鳥とりが__。
  5. 学校がっこうが__。

✅ Answers:

  1. ある(plants = non-living)
  2. いる(a person)
  3. ある(thing)
  4. いる(animal)
  5. ある(place)

🎯 Quick Tips

  • If it breathes or moves by itself, use いる.
  • If it’s an object or place, use ある.
  • When in doubt, ask: “Is this alive?” 😄

🧩 Bonus Phrase

  • だれかいますか?
    Is someone there?
  • なにもありません。
    There’s nothing.

These are great phrases to recognize in everyday conversation!


Ready to practice more with いる and ある? Try writing 5 sentences using each and check if you used them correctly!

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