8 Essential Japanese Directions You Need to Know

If you travel around Japan, read a map, watch the weather forecast, or look at train station signs, you will often see words for directions such as north, south, east, and west.

In Japanese, these words are easy to learn once you know the four basic directions.
Let’s look at the most useful direction words in Japanese and how to use them naturally.

1. North – きた⬆️

北(きた) means north.

Examples

北海道ほっかいどう日本にほんきたにあります。

Hokkaido is in the north of Japan.

きたやまがあります。

There is a mountain to the north.

You may already know this kanji from 北海道(ほっかいどう), Hokkaido.

The in 北海道(ほっかいどう) means “north.”

2. South – みなみ⬇️

南(みなみ) means south.

Examples

沖縄おきなわ日本にほんみなみにあります。

Okinawa is in the south of Japan.

えきみなみ公園こうえんがあります。

There is a park south of the station.

3. East – ひがし➡️

東(ひがし) means east.

Examples

東京とうきょう日本にほんひがしにあります。

Tokyo is in eastern Japan.

ひがしそらあかるくなりました。

The eastern sky became bright.

A useful way to remember 東 is 東京(とうきょう).

4. West – 西にし⬅️

西(にし) means west.

Examples

大阪おおさか東京とうきょうより西にしにあります。

Osaka is west of Tokyo.

西にしほうきます。

I’m going toward the west.

The Four Basic Directions 🗺️

The four main directions are:

きた – north
みなみ – south
ひがし – east
西にし – west

A useful word to remember is:

東西南北とうざいなんぼく

This means “east, west, south, and north,” or more generally, “all directions.”

Notice that the readings change in this compound:

東 → とう
西 → ざい
南 → なん
北 → ぼく

This happens often when kanji are combined into words.

Northeast – 北東ほくとう

北東(ほくとう) means northeast.

It combines:

ほく = north
とう = east

Example

台風たいふう北東ほくとうすすんでいます。

The typhoon is moving northeast.

You may hear this kind of expression often in Japanese weather reports. 🌧️

Northwest – 北西ほくせい

北西(ほくせい) means northwest.

It combines:

ほく = north
西せい = west

Example

まち北西ほくせいおおきなやまがあります。

There is a large mountain northwest of the town.

Southeast – 南東なんとう

南東(なんとう) means southeast.

It combines:

なん = south
とう = east

Example

しま東京とうきょう南東なんとうにあります。

The island is southeast of Tokyo.

Southwest – 南西なんせい

南西(なんせい) means southwest.

It combines:

なん = south
西せい = west

Example

台風たいふう南西なんせいからちかづいています。

The typhoon is approaching from the southwest.

All Eight Directions in Japanese 🧭

Here are the eight basic directions:

きた – north
北東ほくとう – northeast
ひがし – east
南東なんとう – southeast
みなみ – south
南西なんせい – southwest
西にし – west
北西ほくせい – northwest

One important point is that the four main directions usually use their Japanese readings:

きた・みなみ・ひがし・にし

But combined directions usually use different readings:

ほくとう・ほくせい・なんとう・なんせい

Direction + 口 at Train Stations 🚉

One very practical place where you will see these words is at train stations.

北口きたぐち – North Exit
南口みなみぐち – South Exit
東口ひがしぐち – East Exit
西口にしぐち – West Exit

For example:

新宿駅しんじゅくえき西口にしぐちいましょう。

Let’s meet at the West Exit of Shinjuku Station.

Japanese train stations can have many exits, so knowing these four words is very useful when meeting someone.

~の北 / 南 / 東 / 西

To describe where something is located, you can use:

A の きた – north of A
A の みなみ – south of A
A の ひがし – east of A
A の 西にし – west of A

Examples

東京とうきょうきた埼玉県さいたまけんがあります。

Saitama Prefecture is north of Tokyo.

東京とうきょう西にし山梨県やまなしけんがあります。

Yamanashi Prefecture is west of Tokyo.

えきひがしにホテルがあります。

There is a hotel east of the station.

This pattern is very useful when describing locations on a map. 📍

方面ほうめん – In the Direction of

Another useful word is:

方面(ほうめん)
direction / area / toward

You may hear this at train stations.

For example:

東京方面とうきょうほうめん

toward Tokyo / Tokyo direction

北方面きたほうめん

northbound / toward the north

東京方面とうきょうほうめん電車でんしゃってください。

Please take the train heading toward Tokyo.

がわ – The ___ Side

You can also combine directions with 側(がわ), meaning “side.”

北側きたがわ – north side
南側みなみがわ – south side
東側ひがしがわ – east side
西側にしがわ – west side

Example

えき東側ひがしがわにコンビニがあります。

There is a convenience store on the east side of the station.

Useful Direction Vocabulary 📚

北(きた) – north
南(みなみ) – south
東(ひがし) – east
西(にし) – west

北東(ほくとう) – northeast
北西(ほくせい) – northwest
南東(なんとう) – southeast
南西(なんせい) – southwest

方面(ほうめん) – direction / area
側(がわ) – side
口(ぐち) – exit, gate

Quick Practice ✏️

Can you understand these sentences?

北海道ほっかいどう日本にほんきたにあります。

Hokkaido is in the north of Japan.

えき西口にしぐちいましょう。

Let’s meet at the West Exit of the station.

台風たいふう北東ほくとうすすんでいます。

The typhoon is moving northeast.

ホテルはえき南側みなみがわにあります。

The hotel is on the south side of the station.

Once you remember 北・南・東・西, you will start noticing these kanji everywhere in Japan—from maps and weather forecasts to train stations and signs.

Start with these four:

きた = north
みなみ = south
ひがし = east
西にし = west

Then learning 北東(ほくとう)・北西(ほくせい)・南東(なんとう)・南西(なんせい) becomes much easier! 🌏

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